#7 - Two things are true of all immoral actions. First, if

[lemonade42]

Hello, I understand how the 2 separate diagrams are (based on 2023 book):
1. immoral actions performed in public ------> offend public sensibilities
2. immoral actions -----> accompanied by feelings of guilt

and I understand if the necessary condition occurs, the sufficient condition may or may not occur. But the fact (D) also includes "offend public sensibilities" and (C) includes "Every action performed in public" which are conditions part of statement 1 and not 2 are confusing me. Is it because that knowing only a necessary condition (feeling of guilt) occurs in (C) and (D) tells us nothing about the other conditions (even those belonging to another statement like "offend public sensibilities" and "Every action performed in public"? So those other conditions could happen or not happen similarly to the sufficient condition of statement 2 (immoral actions)?

[Chandler H]

Hello, I understand how the 2 separate diagrams are (based on 2023 book):
1. immoral actions performed in public ------> offend public sensibilities
2. immoral actions -----> accompanied by feelings of guilt

and I understand if the necessary condition occurs, the sufficient condition may or may not occur. But the fact (D) also includes "offend public sensibilities" and (C) includes "Every action performed in public" which are conditions part of statement 1 and not 2 are confusing me. Is it because that knowing only a necessary condition (feeling of guilt) occurs in (C) and (D) tells us nothing about the other conditions (even those belonging to another statement like "offend public sensibilities" and "Every action performed in public"? So those other conditions could happen or not happen similarly to the sufficient condition of statement 2 (immoral actions)?

Hi Lemonade42,

Let's go over why (C) and (D) are incorrect.

(C) tells us that some actions that offend public sensibilities are not accompanied by feelings of guilt. We know that all immoral actions offend public sensibilities, BUT we don't know if there are also OTHER kinds of actions that offend public sensibilities. For example, let's say that playing loud music in public offends public sensibilities, but is not immoral. Is playing loud music accompanied by feelings of guilt? The answer is that we don't know, because the stimulus is only talking about immoral actions. Therefore, (C) does not have to be false.

(D) is pretty similar, right? It tells us that some actions that are accompanied by feelings of guilt are not immoral even if they offend public sensibilities. So let's say you're playing that loud music, offending public sensibilities, and you DO feel guilty. Still, playing loud music doesn't have to be immoral. All we know is that:

If perform immoral actions in public offend public sensibilities
If perform immoral actions feel guilt

As you can see, we cannot confidently say anything about actions that AREN'T immoral, which both (C) and (D) are dealing with. Does that make sense?