LR Problem Set #3, Question 238 and 239

[smile22]

Hello,

I am seeking guidance on this two part question. Unfortunately, I got both questions wrong

In Q 238, we are being asked to find the assumption on which the argument depends. I chose answer choice C. Why is E correct? Is it because you need some form of baseline in order to determine whether pollution will be reduced? So, if people walk whenever it is feasible, the only way that the argument's conclusion will stand (pollution will be greatly reduced if people walk) is if we know that people sometimes drive?

In Q 239, I chose answer C. I honestly, do not understand why B is correct.

[BethRibet]

Hi Smile,

Thanks for writing in.

Relative to 238, the assumption that the author of this stimulus appears to be making is that people do sometimes drive, when it is feasible for them to walk. This would need to be true, in order for it to follow that walking whenever possible would result in a reduction in pollution. If people already do walk whenever possible, then it won't follow that we can expect a reduction in pollution, because there isn't really a change that can be made in this respect. Let us know if that doesn't clarify.

Relative to 239, Answer choice C actually does not strengthen the argument, at least without making assumptions that are not clearly indicated. Even if pollution rates for different cars are different, this doesn't clearly tell us anything about whether more walkers will in fact result in a deep reduction in pollution.

Answer choice B however, speaks to the issue of "congestion" or traffic. If there are a lot of cars in a given area, then not only will they pollute when moving the distance they are going to move, but they will release additional emissions when stopped or stalled, because of the number of cars. However, if fewer people drive, this would logically reduce congestion (fewer cars = less traffic), and therefore not only will pollution be reduced by having fewer drivers going from point A to point B, but even those cars that remain driving will presumably pollute less, because there is reduced congestion. This strengthens the argument that there will be a reduction in pollution.

Hope this helps!
Beth

[smile22]

Thanks!