#7 - Gotera: Infants lack the motor ability required to

[jonwg5121]

Can you please explain how to approach #7? I got the question correct but can't explain it to myself why I chose (A). I know the conclusion had speech acquisition and the premises did not include that phrase so I knew the answer choice should include that phrase.

Also, how would I negate answer choice (A) using the Assumption Negation technique?

Thank you.

[Jon Denning]

Hey Jon,

Thanks for the question. What stood out to me here was the strength of language in the final sentence: speech acquisition is entirely a motor control process. The assumption then, of course, is that speech acquisition only depends on one's capacity to physically make the needed sounds, which is exactly what we see in answer choice (A). You're also right to make the connection between the last sentence and the first one.

To negate it, simply add a "not": speech acquisition is not a function only of... What that means is that it also depends on other things, which runs entirely counter to the last sentence where we're told it's entirely (only) based on motor control.

A good rule of thumb--not universally true, but nearly always--is that the first 10-12 LR questions tend to be reasonably straightforward, so an Assumption as #7 is likely to rely on fairly basic logic. Certainly that's the case here.

[jrc3813]

Hey Jon,

Thanks for the question. What stood out to me here was the strength of language in the final sentence: speech acquisition is entirely a motor control process. The assumption then, of course, is that speech acquisition only depends on one's capacity to physically make the needed sounds, which is exactly what we see in answer choice (A). You're also right to make the connection between the last sentence and the first one.

To negate it, simply add a "not": speech acquisition is not a function only of... What that means is that it also depends on other things, which runs entirely counter to the last sentence where we're told it's entirely (only) based on motor control.

A good rule of thumb--not universally true, but nearly always--is that the first 10-12 LR questions tend to be reasonably straightforward, so an Assumption as #7 is likely to rely on fairly basic logic. Certainly that's the case here.

Can you explain how to diagram this? I got the answer right because b-e were pretty bad answers and A was the only one that attempted to link the premises to the conclusion. But I don't really understand the conditional logic of it.

[Jonathan Evans]

JRC,

Good question, and I understand why this question may present some challenges. First, in assumption questions, I'm often leery of language as strong as what we have in the credited answer (A). Second, the premises included in the stimulus actually offer very little support for the conclusion. The disconnect/flaw is so stark as to make wrapping your head around this author's thought process somewhat challenging in and of itself.

However, as Jon noted, the actual structure of this argument is not terribly complex. To analyze this argument, you might start by getting a very clear grasp of the conclusion itself.

• Speech Acquisition Only Motor Control Process

The premises, weak as they are, in some ways only distract from your task here, which is to show exactly that:

• Speech Acquisition Only Motor Control Process

Kinda goofy, but that's what's going on here! And guess what? That's what answer choice (A) says almost verbatim. To negate we would just need to show that Speech Acquisition is NOT ONLY Motor Control Process. Since this statement directly contradicts the conclusion, it passes the Assumption Negation Test™.

I hope this helps!

[LSAT2018]

I understand why answer (A) is the correct answer, but I thought answer (B) was a defender assumption in that intentionally moving the tongue involved some kind of mental process? Why is B not required?

[Shannon Parker]

Hey,

B is not a defender because there is nothing linking the premise with the answer choice. Remember to stay in the "LSAT" world. While we may very well know that we need to use our tongues, nothing says so in the premise. Based just on the rules of the premise infants could able to move their tongues without any effect on the conclusion. Using the assumption negation technique, answer choice B reads "during the initial babbling stage infants CAN intentionally move their tongues while they are babbling." As I said, this has no effect on the conclusion that "speech acquisition is entirely a motor control process rather than a process that is abstract or mental," because nothing in the premise links the use of the tongue to the speech acquisition.

Hope this helps.

[ericj_williams]

Hey,

B is not a defender because there is nothing linking the premise with the answer choice. Remember to stay in the "LSAT" world. While we may very well know that we need to use our tongues, nothing says so in the premise. Based just on the rules of the premise infants could able to move their tongues without any effect on the conclusion. Using the assumption negation technique, answer choice B reads "during the initial babbling stage infants CAN intentionally move their tongues while they are babbling." As I said, this has no effect on the conclusion that "speech acquisition is entirely a motor control process rather than a process that is abstract or mental," because nothing in the premise links the use of the tongue to the speech acquisition.

Hope this helps.

B got me because I thought that the intentional movement of the tongue implied voluntary producing sounds, which implied motor control.

However, the stimulus states that infants were not necessarily able to produce PARTICULAR sounds.

Thus, even if their tongues did voluntarily move in creating the babbling, this is not to say they were producing the particular sounds (vowels and consonants) that the author seems to use as a basis for speech acquisition confirmation.

Still missing the easy ones...

[KG!]

I know in SA questions we should take note of new ideas/terms in the conclusions, but this also extends to necessary assumptions as well? If we see a new term/idea in the conclusion on these questions the answer choice MUST mention it? Thoughts?

[Adam Tyson]

That's correct, KG, and that is the essence of what we call the "Supporter" approach to Assumption questions. Take note of what's new in the conclusion, then prephrase an answer that links the premises to that new thing, closing that gap in the argument. A lot of Strengthen questions will also be built on that same approach.

[Dancingbambarina]

If "most of the vowel and consonant..." is dropped from the stimulus, would C be more of a contender? The word "most" makes C unimportant but if it were dropped, then surely babbling would play a bigger part?

Thanks again